by Adam Hunt
After the Canadian private civil aircraft fleet showed almost no growth at all in 2019, 2020 saw a small increase of 0.31%. The overall civil aircraft fleet grew by 0.06%. Given the year we just finished, which was dominated by a global pandemic and associated stay-at-home orders, any growth at all was quite remarkable.
Since 2015 the growth in the private fleet in Canada has been at very low levels. While the 2020 numbers are up from 2019's 0.05% growth, the last five years are far from the peak growth of 2008, just before the Great Recession hit, when the private fleet was growing at a peak annual rate of 3.2%. As the accompanying graph shows, growth rates in the private fleet have been in a fairly consistent decline since the 2008-10 recession started and have not recovered. The graph shows a modest recovery in 2010-11, after the recession, but then drops rapidly and does not reflect the general recovery seen in the Canadian economy. The low Canadian dollar, compared to the US dollar, has probably been a factor and its effect can be seen in the net number of certified aircraft exported.
The global economy crashed in 2020, of course, as COVID-19 swept across the world, but the US dollar remained fairly high against the Canadian dollar. The Canadian dollar ended the year at 78.5 cents US, up just 1.5 cents since the end of 2019. Once again, the low Canadian dollar resulted in a net flow of used certified aircraft out of Canada, mostly to US buyers.
In 2020, the total Canadian civil fleet increased in size by 22 aircraft. Over the year the private segment of the fleet increased by 91 aircraft, while the commercial aircraft fleet decreased by 65 aircraft as air carriers shed airplanes as demand disappeared. The state fleet, those aircraft owned by the various levels of government in Canada, decreased by four aircraft.
Certified Aircraft
Certified aircraft had been leading the growth in private aircraft for a number of years when the Canadian dollar was high, but that trend changed in 2015 when we lost 103 certified aircraft and accelerated in 2016 with the falling Canadian dollar, as we lost 161 certified aircraft. In 2017, we lost 69 certified aircraft and, as the dollar fell in 2018, that increased to 117. In 2019, that accelerated to a loss of 132 aircraft and 2020 at least reduced that trend, as only 44 more aircraft were lost.
In 2020, the changes to the private certified fleet were made up of a reduction of 92 airplanes and one glider, while helicopters increased by 48. Private certified balloons were up by one. The 2020 decline included 56 single-engined aircraft and one four-engined aircraft, while twins increased by 12 aircraft.
There were 15,770 private certified aircraft at the end of 2020, out of a total of 29,559 private aircraft registered or 53% of the private fleet.
Basic Ultralights
BULAs were once again where the growth was in private aviation in Canada in 2020, as the case has been for several years now. During 2020, the category increased by 100 aircraft, up from the growth of 95 in 2019. There were 6,531 BULAs registered at the end of 2020.
Transport Canada reported the addition of one BULA glider, but that has to be a reporting error, as the category is only open to powered aircraft.
The attraction of this category undoubtedly remains its low cost.
Amateur-builts
Amateur-builts were in the number two growth position again in 2020, increasing by 35 aircraft, a large drop from the 64 aircraft added in 2019, though. In 2020, the aircraft added were made up of 28 airplanes, three helicopters and five amateur-built balloons, minus the loss of one gyroplane.
Amateur-builts now number 4,379 in Canada and include a wide variety of aircraft, from fixed wing airplanes, helicopters, gliders, gyroplanes to balloons and even one ornithopter, although the latter is in a museum.
Owner-maintained
The O-M category added 19 aircraft in 2020, just two more than in 2019. This makes it the category with the third best growth for 2020, behind basic ultralights and amateur-builts. All the growth this year was in airplanes, with no changes to the number of gliders. By the end of 2020, there were 777 O-M aircraft on the registry, made up of 760 airplanes and 17 gliders.
It is worth noting that aircraft are not built in this category, but are mostly existing Canadian certified aircraft that are moved to O-M. Some may be certified aircraft imported from other countries into the O-M category as well.
The O-M category has continued to suffer from low numbers of aircraft being moved from the certified category ever since the American FAA announced that O-M aircraft will never be allowed to fly in US airspace or be sold in the USA.
Advanced Ultralights
In 2019 the AULA numbers actually dropped by two aircraft, but this past year they increased by four airplanes, bringing the total number of AULAs on the civil register to 1,256. By its category definition, AULAs are all powered, fixed wing aircraft.
The AULA category was introduced in 1991 and therefore 2020 was its 29th year in existence. The category has increased its numbers at an average of 43 aircraft per year since its inception and so can hardly be considered the success that was anticipated when it was started.
Commercial Fleet
In 2020, the commercial aircraft fleet decreased by 65 aircraft to bring the number down to 7,100. The numbers show a decrease of 41 airplanes and 26 helicopters, with the addition to the fleet of one commercial glider and one balloon.
In round numbers, at the end of 2020 the private fleet made up 80% of the aircraft in Canada, with the commercial fleet at 19% and the state fleet at 1%, all basically unchanged in recent years.
Imports & Exports
Aircraft imports into Canada in 2020 numbered 411, which was up from 568 in 2019, and well below the 968 imported during the pre-recession days of 2008.
In 2020, 761 aircraft were exported, a decrease from the 894 aircraft exported last year. There were 350 more aircraft exported than imported, a net loss to the fleet that was lower than the 326 recorded in 2019.
Conclusions
2020 was certainly a year unlike any other in recent memory, although the Canadian private civil aircraft fleet actually had a worse year in 2019 when the economy was doing much better. In the last five years the growth that has been seen in the private fleet has been in the lowest-cost end of the fleet, while many higher-value certified aircraft are being exported. Perhaps the slight rebound this year was due to pilots buying aircraft with the money that they were not able to spend on vacations?
Note: Aircraft data for this report was taken from the Transport Canada Civil Aircraft Register and reflects the difference between the number of aircraft registered in Canada on 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2020. These statistics reflect the net number of aircraft built and imported, minus the number destroyed, scrapped and exported. Just because an aircraft is registered in Canada does not mean it is being flown and therefore the number of registered aircraft should not be confused with the amount of flying activity.
